Ingcaphuno evela: “Isayensi Yezibulala-zinambuzane Nokuphathwa” Ikhishwe ngomhla ka-12, 2022

Umbhali: Lu Jianjun

Ngokuthandwa kwe-e-commerce kanye ne-inthanethi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lemfundo yabalimi, kanye nomthelela wobhubhane olusha lomqhele, indlela yokuphila "yokuvumela ulwazi luhambe kakhulu kanye nokuhamba kancane komzimba" isiphenduke ukuphishekela abalimi namuhla.Kulo mongo, indawo yemakethe yemodi yendabuko, esezingeni eliningi engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi yezibulala-zinambuzane iyacindezelwa kancane kancane, kuyilapho ukusebenza kwe-inthanethi kwezibulala-zinambuzane kukhombisa ubungqabavu, futhi indawo yemakethe iyaqhubeka nokukhula, iba yifomethi eguqukayo.Kodwa-ke, ukugadwa kokusebenza kwe-inthanethi kwezibulala-zinambuzane akuzange kuqiniswe ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ezinye izixhumanisi ziba nokushoda kokuqondisa.Uma kungekho mpendulo esebenzayo ethathwayo, ngeke nje kube yingozi ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo kwale mboni, kodwa kuzoba yingozi emkhiqizweni wezolimo, imali engenayo yabalimi, ukuphepha kwabantu nezilwane kanye nemvelo, njll. Kunomthelela omubi.

Isimo samanje sokusebenza kwe-inthanethi yesibulala-zinambuzane

Imithetho efanelekile yezwe lami ibeka ukuthi i-Article 2 “Somthetho Wezohwebo Nge-inthanethi we-People’s Republic of China” ibeka ukuthi imisebenzi ye-e-commerce ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-People's Republic of China izothobela lo mthetho.I-E-commerce isho imisebenzi yebhizinisi yokuthengisa izimpahla noma ukuhlinzeka ngamasevisi ngamanethiwekhi olwazi afana ne-inthanethi.Ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi ukwenza imisebenzi yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane kungokwesigaba se-e-commerce.Ngakho-ke, abaqhubi be-inthanethi bezibulala-zinambuzane kufanele babhalise njengezinkampani zemakethe ngokuvumelana “Ne-E-Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China”, futhi imisebenzi yabo yebhizinisi kufanele ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezifanele.Lapho imisebenzi yebhizinisi ihluleka ukwenza izibopho zenkontileka, noma yenze umonakalo kwabanye, noma yehluleka ukushicilela ulwazi lwelayisensi yebhizinisi, ulwazi lwelayisensi yokuphatha, nolunye ulwazi endaweni evelele ekhasini eliyisiqalo, bayothwala isibopho esingokomthetho.I-athikili 21 "yezinyathelo zokuphatha zokugunyazwa kwebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane" ibeka ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane ezilinganiselwe ngeke zisetshenziswe nge-inthanethi, futhi kuzotholwa ilayisense yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane ukuze kusetshenziswe i-inthanethi ukuze kusetshenziswe ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane.

Isimo esikhona sokusebenza kwe-inthanethi yesibulala-zinambuzane ezweni lami Ukusebenza kwesibulala-zinambuzane ku-inthanethi ngokuvamile kusebenzisa izinkundla ze-e-commerce ezivela eceleni, enye inkundla yendabuko ye-e-commerce, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-search e-commerce, njengeTaobao, JD.com, Pinduoduo, njll. .;enye inkundla entsha ye-e-commerce, Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-e-commerce enentshisekelo, njenge-Douyin, i-Kuaishou, njll. Abaqhubi abanekhono bangazakhela ezabo izinkundla zokumaketha ku-inthanethi.Isibonelo, i-Huifeng Co., Ltd. kanye ne-China Pesticide Development and Application Association basebenzise inkundla ye-e-commerce "Nongyiwang".Njengamanje, i-Taobao.com iyinkundla ye-e-commerce enkulu kunazo zonke yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane, enezinkampani ze-e-commerce ezingaphezu kuka-11,000 ezisebenza ngezibulala-zinambuzane, ezihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane ezingu-4,200 ezibhaliswe ezweni lami.I-Feixiang Agricultural Materials yinkampani ye-e-commerce enesilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke sokusebenza kwezibulala-zinambuzane phakathi kwamapulatifomu endabuko e-e-commerce.Ukuthengiswa kwayo, inani labavakashi, inani labaseshi, izinga lokuguqulwa kwenkokhelo nezinye izinkomba zikleliswe kuqala iminyaka emithathu ilandelana.Amarekhodi angaphezu kuka-10,000 yuan.I-“Nongyiwang” yamukela imodeli enamazinga amathathu “yesiteji + indawo yokusebenzela + i-ejenti yokuthenga yasemaphandleni”, futhi ibambisana nabakhiqizi abaphezulu abangama-200 abaziwayo embonini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuqinisa ngokuhlanganyela izinzuzo zomkhiqizo.Kusukela yethulwa ngoNovemba 2014, isithuthukise izindawo zokusebenza ezisezingeni lesifunda ezingaphezu kuka-800, yabhalisa ama-ejenti okuthenga angaphezu kuka-50,000, futhi yanqwabelana yokuthengisa engaphezu kwebhiliyoni eyodwa.Indawo yokusebenzela ihlanganisa ama-70% ezindawo zokutshala ezolimo zasekhaya futhi ingamashumi ezigidi.Abalimi bahlinzeka ngezinto zokulima ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingabizi kakhulu.

Izinkinga ekusebenzeni kwe-inthanethi kwe-Pesticide

Kunzima kubalimi ukuvikela amalungelo abo.Ukuthenga izibulala-zinambuzane nge-inthanethi kuhlukile ekuthengeni izibulala-zinambuzane ezitolo ezibonakalayo.Abathengi nabasebenzi bezibulala-zinambuzane ngokuvamile abahlangani, futhi uma kuvela izingxabano zekhwalithi, abakwazi ukuxhumana ubuso nobuso.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalimi ngeke babuze abathengisi ama-invoyisi uma becabanga ukuthi ngokuvamile ayinkinga, okuholela ekungabini nesisekelo esiqondile sokuthenga ngezibulala-zinambuzane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo kudla isikhathi futhi kudinga abasebenzi, futhi abanye abalimi bacabanga ukuthi baye balahlekelwa futhi bayakhohliswa futhi bathwala ukulahlekelwa.Lezi zizathu ezingenhla ziholela ekwehlulekeni kokuqwashisa ngokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abalimi kanye nokungabi namandla okuvikela amalungelo abo.Ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezingozi zokulimala kwezitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi abalimi abayiqondi imithetho neziqondiso ezifanele, esikhundleni sokubikela iziphathimandla zezolimo nezasemaphandleni ngesikhathi esifanele, balungise ubufakazi, baqophe izimpawu zokulimala, futhi bahlele ukuhlonza ukulimala, bakhononda yonke indawo ngokuthi. ngokwabo, futhi bageja irekhodi lokulimala.Isikhathi esihle kakhulu siholela ekunyamaleni kobufakazi, okugcina kwenza kube nzima ukuvikela amalungelo.

Izinga lokuphasa kwezibulala-zinambuzane liphansi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziphathimandla zezolimo nezasemaphandleni zigxile kakhulu ekugadweni kwezinkampani zamabhizinisi angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi emakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuntula ulwazi ekugadweni kwe-e-commerce, okuhambisana nezici ezifana nesikhathi esikhulu nesikhala sokusebenza kwenethiwekhi, kanye nobunzima. lophenyo kanye nokuqoqwa kobufakazi.Buthaka.Ikakhulukazi, izinkundla ezifana ne-Douyin ne-Kuaishou, kanye nabathengisi abahlobene basunduza imikhiqizo iqonde-phuzu ngokuya ngezimo zokutshala zabalimi nezici zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.Iziphathimandla ezilawulayo azikwazi ukufinyelela olwazini lomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukusebenzisa ukugada okuhle.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abalimi banaka kuphela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokukhuthazwa kwamalebula, futhi bacabange ukuthi lapho uba banzi uhlobo lokulawula lomkhiqizo, kuba ngcono, lapho umthamo womuthi uyancipha, uba ngcono, futhi uba mkhulu futhi “ongaphandle. ” igama lenkampani liwukuthi, inkampani izoba namandla kakhulu.Ngenxa yokwahlulela kwayo okuyiphutha, izibulala-zinambuzane zomgunyathi nezisezingeni eliphansi zithole indawo ethile yokuhlala, futhi ukuthengiswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-inthanethi kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuzodukisa nakanjani, futhi kunzima ukuhlukanisa okuhle nokubi.

Uhlelo lokufinyelela ebhizinisini lwe-inthanethi lwezibulala-zinambuzane ludinga ukusungulwa.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayikho indlela ethile yokuqondisa yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane eku-inthanethi.Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zebhizinisi lenethiwekhi.Njengamanje, amafomu ajwayelekile e-pesticide e-commerce ahlanganisa uhlobo lwesikhulumi kanye nohlobo lwesitolo olusebenza ngokwalo, olungathembela kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce evela eceleni , Ungakwazi futhi ukwakha iwebhusayithi yakho, i-WeChat, i-QQ, i-Weibo nokunye ukuthengisa, zonke izinhlobo .Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugadwa nokulandelelwa kwezikhangiso ezikhishwe abaqhubi be-inthanethi akufike ngesikhathi.Ezinye izikhangiso zevidiyo, izikhangiso zombhalo, nezikhangiso ezilalelwayo zikhishwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa yiziphathimandla zezolimo nezisemaphandleni.Kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kwezinhlangano zebhizinisi nemikhiqizo.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukulawula kusukela emthonjeni kanye nokumisa uhlelo lokufinyelela oluqinile, oluhambisana nokuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokusimeme kwe-pesticide e-commerce.

Kunzima ukuncoma ngokwesayensi izibulala-zinambuzane.I-athikili yama-20 "yezinyathelo zokuphatha zokugunyazwa kwebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane" ibeka ukuthi abathengisi bezibulala-zinambuzane kufanele babuze abathengi mayelana nokuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo, futhi uma kudingekile, bahlole ukwenzeka kwezinambuzane nezifo ngaleso sikhathi, batuse izibulala-zinambuzane ngokwesayensi, futhi akufanele badukise. abathengi.Manje izibulala-zinambuzane zithengiswa ku-inthanethi, okwenza inqubo yesevisi ibe lula.Iningi labo lingabathengi nabathengisi.Kunzima kuma-opharetha ukuthi babuze abathengi, bahlole ukuthi izifo kanye nezinambuzane zivelaphi ngaso leso sikhathi, futhi batusa ngokwesayensi izibulala-zinambuzane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukugadwa okubuthakathaka kwezibulala-zinambuzane kunethiwekhi, ukutusa izibulala-zinambuzane ezeqa ububanzi nokugxila.Isibonelo, abanye opharetha benethiwekhi yezibulala-zinambuzane babheka i-avermectin njenge-adjuvant yesibulala-zinambuzane emhlabeni wonke.Ngokufanelekile, vele uncome ukungeza i-abamectin ngokuthanda kwakho.

Izinyathelo zokulwa nokulinganisa ukuphathwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ku-inthanethi

Ukuchibiyela Imithethonqubo Yokulawulwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane, eyokuqala iwukucacisa incazelo yezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ku-inthanethi.Noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezinkundla ze-e-commerce, izinkundla zevidiyo ezimfushane, i-WeChat namanye amanethiwekhi kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi lokuphromotha iphuzu-kuya-iphuzu noma iphuzu-ku-multiple kanye nokuthengiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuwela ngaphansi kwesigaba sebhizinisi le-inthanethi lezibulala-zinambuzane.Okwesibili ukuqinisa iziqu zebhizinisi nokuphathwa kokuziphatha.Ukuze usebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane ku-inthanethi, umuntu kufanele athole ilayisense yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane, asebenzise uhlelo lokuthengwa kwempahla nelokuthengisa, futhi aqophe ngokweqiniso imininingwane yokunikezwa, omazisi babathengi, nezitshalo ezifakelwe isibulala-zinambuzane.Okwesithathu ukucacisa ukuthi umbhalo, izithombe, umsindo kanye nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene nekhwalithi nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezikhishwe abasebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ku-inthanethi ziyingxenye yezikhangiso zezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi okuqukethwe kwazo kufanele kugunyazwe iziphathimandla zezolimo nezasemaphandleni ezinekhono.

Sungula uhlelo lokurekhoda lokusebenza kwe-inthanethi yesibulala-zinambuzane Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho iziphathimandla zezolimo nezasemaphandleni zifaka isicelo selayisense yokusebenza kwezibulala-zinambuzane noma zifaka isicelo sokuvuselelwa kwelayisensi yokusebenza, kufanele zenze uphenyo kubaqhubi futhi zirekhode isibulala-zinambuzane esisebenza ku-inthanethi.Izinhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane, izithombe, imibhalo, amavidiyo nolunye ulwazi olushicilelwe ku-inthanethi.Okwesibili ukulungisa ulwazi oluqoshwe kwilayisensi yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane futhi kwandiswe ulwazi lwenkundla yebhizinisi lezibulala-zinambuzane eku-inthanethi.Okwesithathu ukwenza ukufakwa kwezinhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenza ku-inthanethi.Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa ku-inthanethi kufanele zigunyazwe iziphathimandla zezolimo nezasemaphandleni ukuze zibhaliswe, amalayisense okukhiqiza, amalebula nolunye ulwazi ngaphambi kokuba zidayiswe ku-inthanethi.

Qinisa ukugada kanye nokugcinwa komthetho.Umnyango wezolimo, kanye nokuqondisa izimakethe, ukuvikeleka komphakathi, nezinkonzo zeposi, wethula umkhankaso okhethekile wokulungisa imisebenzi ye-inthanethi yezibulala-zinambuzane.Esokuqala esokugxila ekuqedeni abathengisi bezibulala-zinambuzane abangafanelekile futhi sinciphise kakhulu ukuthengiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezivinjelwe nezivinjelwe.Okwesibili ukuxhunyaniswa kokuqondisa okuku-inthanethi nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ukuhlola ikhwalithi ebalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo ezinomthelela wokusetshenziswa kwazo uphakeme kakhulu kunemikhiqizo efanayo futhi intengo yazo iphansi kakhulu kunemikhiqizo efanayo, futhi izibulala-zinambuzane zomgunyathi neziphansi ziyaphenywa futhi kusetshenzwe ngazo. ngokomthetho.Okwesithathu ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ukwehlisa ukuziphatha kokuncoma ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezeqa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa, ukugxila, kanye nezikhathi zokusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nomthetho.Oda izinkundla ezingajwayelekile ze-e-commerce kanye nabaqhubi bezibulala-zinambuzane ku-inthanethi ukuthi benze izilungiso phakathi nomkhawulo wesikhathi, futhi baphenye futhi babhekane nabaqhubi abangazilungisi noma abangahlangabezani nezimfuneko ngemva kokulungiswa.

Yenza umsebenzi omuhle emphakathini nasekuqeqesheni.Okokuqala, kusekelwe “Kumthetho Wezohwebo Nge-E weRiphabhulikhi Yabantu YaseShayina”, “Umthetho Wokukhangisa WeRiphabhulikhi Yabantu YaseShayina”, “Imithetho Yokulawulwa Kwezibulala-zinambuzane”, “Izinyathelo Zokulawulwa Kwebhizinisi Lezibulala-zinambuzane”, njll., kugxile ekusakazweni nasemphakathini ukuqeqeshwa ngezimo zokufaneleka kanye nekhodi yokuziphatha yebhizinisi le-inthanethi lezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuhlolwa kokuthengwa, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinambuzane, ukuphathwa kokukhangisa ngezibulala-zinambuzane, njll. Okwesibili ukuqeqesha abalimi ngezindlela zokuhlonza izibulala-zinambuzane ezingamanga neziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngokwesayensi nokunengqondo. kanye nolunye ulwazi, ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukuhlakulela umkhuba wokucela amarisidi okuthenga lapho bethenga izibulala-zinambuzane, nokubika izingozi zokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuziphathimandla zezolimo zendawo ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze baqinise ukuqaphela kwabo ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo futhi bathuthukise ikhono lokuvikela amalungelo.

Umthombo: “Isayensi Yezibulala-zinambuzane Nokuphathwa” Ikhishwe ngomhla ka-12, 2022