NguJulia Martin-Ortega, uBrent Jacobs noDana Cordell

Ngaphandle kwe-phosphorus ukudla akukwazi ukukhiqizwa, ngoba zonke izitshalo nezilwane ziyakudinga ukuze zikhule.Kalula nje: uma ingekho i-phosphorus, akukho ukuphila.Ngakho-ke, umanyolo osuselwa ku-phosphorus - ungumanyolo "P" ku-"NPK" - ubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokudla lomhlaba wonke.

I-phosphorus eningi iphuma edwaleni le-phosphate engavuseleleki, futhi ayikwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngokwenziwa.Ngakho-ke bonke abalimi badinga ukufinyelela kuwo, kodwa u-85% wamatshe e-phosphate esezingeni eliphezulu asele agxile emazweni amahlanu nje (amanye awo “ayinkimbinkimbi ngokwezwe”): i-Morocco, i-China, i-Egypt, i-Algeria kanye neNingizimu Afrika.

Amaphesenti angu-70 atholakala eMorocco kuphela.Lokhu kwenza uhlelo lokudla emhlabeni wonke lube sengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwe-phosphorus okungaholela ekwenyukeni kwamanani kungazelelwe.Isibonelo, ngo-2008 intengo kamanyolo we-phosphate yenyuka ngama-800%.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-phosphorus ekukhiqizeni ukudla kungasebenzi kahle kakhulu, kusukela emayini kuya epulazini kuye kwelinye.Igijima isuka endaweni yokulima iye emifuleni nasemachibini, ingcolise amanzi okuthi yona ibulale izinhlanzi nezitshalo, yenze amanzi abe nobuthi kakhulu ukuthi angaphuzwa.

E-UK kuphela, ngaphansi kwengxenye yamathani ayi-174,000 e-phosphate engenisiwe empeleni asetshenziswa ngendlela ekhiqizayo ukuze kutshalwe ukudla, nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwe-phosphorus kukalwa kuyo yonke i-EU.Ngakho-ke, imingcele yeplanethi (“indawo ephephile” yoMhlaba) yenani lokugeleza kwe-phosphorus ohlelweni lwamanzi kade yeqiwa.

Ngaphandle kwalapho siguqula ngokuyisisekelo indlela esisebenzisa ngayo i-phosphorus, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kuzodala inkinga yokudla emhlabeni wonke njengoba amazwe amaningi athembele kakhulu kumanyolo ovela kwamanye amazwe.Ukusebenzisa i-phosphorus ngendlela ehlakaniphile, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa i-phosphorus egaywe kabusha, kungasiza nemifula namachibi asevele enengcindezi.

Njengamanje sibhekene nokwenyuka kwentengo yesithathu kamanyolo we-phosphate eminyakeni engu-50, ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19, i-China (umthumeli-mpahla ngaphandle omkhulu kunayo yonke) ebeka intela yokuthekelisa, kanye neRussia (omunye wabakhiqizi abaphezulu abahlanu) evimbela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe bese ihlasela i-Ukraine.Selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane, amanani kamanyolo anyuke kakhulu futhi ngesinye isikhathi aphindeka kane phakathi neminyaka emibili.Basasemazingeni abo aphezulu kusukela ngo-2008.