Ukulima ukotini kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ezicini ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ukulungisa umhlabathi, ukulawula izinambuzane, ukunisela, nezindlela zokuvuna.Ngokuqonda lokhu okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile, abalimi bangakwazi ukwandisa isivuno sabo sikakotini kanye nekhwalithi.

Ukutshalwa kukakotini kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ngemininingwane kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula.Kusukela ekulungiseni umhlabathi kuya ekuvuneni, isinyathelo ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni impumelelo yesitshalo.Kulo mhlahlandlela ophelele, sizocubungula izinto ezibalulekile abalimi okudingeka bazikhumbule lapho betshala ukotini.

1. Ukulungiswa Nokuphathwa Kwenhlabathi
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu kakotini, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ilungiswe ngokwanele ukusekela ukukhula okunempilo.Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga omsoco kanye nebhalansi ye-pH.Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, umanyolo ofanelekile kanye nezichibiyelo kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvunda komhlabathi.

Ukulima okujulile noma ukulima kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kwakhiwe umbhede wembewu kakotini oxegayo futhi ovulwe kahle.Lokhu kusiza ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezimpande futhi kuvumela ukungena kwamanzi okungcono.Ukwengeza, ukulawula ukhula ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuncintisana ngezakhi kanye nendawo.

2. Ukukhetha Okunhlobonhlobo
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zikakotini kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni isivuno nekhwalithi.Abalimi kufanele bakhethe izinhlobo ezivumelana kahle nezimo zabo zezulu, njengezinga lokushisa, imvula, namazinga omswakama.Ukumelana nezifo kanye nezinambuzane kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izinhlobonhlobo.

3. Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Izinambuzane nezifo zingabeka engcupheni enkulu ezitshalweni zikakotini, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno uma zingaphathwanga ngokwanele.Izinqubo ezididiyelwe zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane (IPM) kufanele zisetshenziswe, kuhlanganiswe izindlela zokulawula amasiko, izinto eziphilayo, kanye namakhemikhali.Ukuhlola nokuqapha okuvamile kusiza ekutholeni kusenesikhathi ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane nezifo, okuvumela ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi.

Ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo nakho kungasiza ekwehliseni umfutho wezinambuzane, njengoba izinambuzane ezithile zingase zibe nezitshalo ezithile ezibambayo.Ukwengeza, izinhlobo ezingazweli kanye nama-biocontrol angasetshenziswa ukunciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali.

"Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngendlela ephumelelayo kubalulekile ekusimamiseni isivuno sikakotini kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo."– UDkt. John Smith, Isazi Sezinambuzane Zezolimo

4. Izindlela Zokuchelela
Ukotini uyisitshalo esidinga umswakama owanele phakathi nezigaba zokukhula kwawo.Ukunisela kudlala indima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinemvula encane noma izimo zesimo sezulu esiguquguqukayo.Izindlela zokunisela ezisebenza kahle, njengokunisela ngamaconsi noma imisele, zisiza ekwandiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokunciphisa ukumoshakala.

Ukuqapha umswakama womhlaba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zikakotini zithola inani elifanele lamanzi ngesikhathi esifanele.Ukunisela ngokweqile kungabangela ukugcwala kwamanzi kanye nokucwiliswa kwezakhi zomzimba, kuyilapho ukuchelela kancane kungaholela ekukhuleni okuqinile kanye nokunciphisa isivuno.

5. Imikhuba Yokuvuna
Ukuvuna kuyisigaba sokugcina ohlelweni lokutshala ukotini futhi kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokwenza.Izindlela zesimanje zokuvuna ngemishini, njengezicoci zokuphotha nokukhumula, sezithathele indawo umsebenzi wezandla ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo kanye nokonga kwazo.

Isikhathi sibalulekile uma kuziwa ekuvuneni ukotini, njengoba ukuvunwa kusenesikhathi noma sekwephuze kakhulu kungaphazamisa ikhwalithi yefayibha kanye nesivuno.Amabhodlela kakotini kufanele avunwe esigabeni esifanele sokuvuthwa, ngokuvamile lapho esevuleke ngokugcwele futhi imicu ikubude bawo obukhulu.

Izinhlobo Zikakotini Ezivamile

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Zokuchelela